Introduction to Cells - Bank Soal Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) SMP

1. Which statement best defines a cell?

A. A small organ that carries out a single life process
B. The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
C. A collection of tissues with a common shape
D. A chemical substance produced by living organisms
E. The outer covering found only in plants

2. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells. Which statement below is also one of the three main principles of cell theory?

A. All cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
B. Cells are only produced by nonliving matter under special conditions.
C. All cells have a cell wall that supports the organism.
D. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
E. Every cell is identical in size and shape within a tissue.

3. A student observes new cells forming in a growing plant root. Which principle of cell theory is directly demonstrated by this observation?

A. New cells arise from pre-existing cells.
B. Cells are the basic unit of heredity.
C. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
D. All cells contain their own genetic material.
E. Cells can be formed by spontaneous generation from soil.

4. What is the main difference in how a light microscope and an electron microscope form an image of a cell?

A. A light microscope uses magnetic lenses, while an electron microscope uses glass lenses.
B. Both use visible light, but the electron microscope uses higher magnification only.
C. A light microscope uses electrons, while an electron microscope uses light rays.
D. A light microscope can magnify more than an electron microscope.
E. A light microscope uses visible light, while an electron microscope uses a beam of electrons.

5. A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria in a cell at very high magnification and resolution. Which instrument is most appropriate?

A. A compound light microscope
B. A stereomicroscope
C. An electron microscope
D. A hand lens
E. A magnifying glass

6. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A. To produce energy for cellular activities
B. To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell
C. To store water and dissolved nutrients
D. To synthesize proteins for the cell
E. To package and transport proteins

7. Which function is carried out by the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

A. Storing genetic information and controlling most cell activities
B. Breaking down glucose to release energy
C. Modifying and sorting proteins
D. Capturing light energy for photosynthesis
E. Maintaining turgor pressure inside the cell

8. Which statement best describes the function of mitochondria?

A. They control the movement of water into the cell.
B. They store genetic instructions for the cell.
C. They release energy from food through cellular respiration.
D. They capture sunlight to produce glucose.
E. They provide rigid support for plant cells.

9. Which structural feature is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?

A. Cell membrane
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Cytoplasm
E. Cell wall made of cellulose

10. A plant leaf cell can perform photosynthesis because it contains a structure that animal cells lack. Which structure is responsible for this ability?

A. Large central vacuole
B. Nucleus
C. Cell membrane
D. Chloroplast
E. Ribosome